(1) Porous , lightweight, high mphamvu.
(2) Muli sodium, magnesium, zotayidwa, pakachitsulo, calcium, titaniyamu,
manganese, chitsulo, faifi tambala, cobalt, molybdenum etc
(3) Kutalikirana kwa maginito maginito.
(4) Kuteteza kutentha, kuteteza kutentha, kuyamwa kwa mawu.
(5) Kuletsa moto, asidi ndi alkali kukana, kukana dzimbiri.
(6) Palibe kuipitsa, palibe ma radiation.